A soft soil has significant problems, most importantly poor shear strengths and high compressibility. Slag cement can therefore be substituted for opc in a wide range of equal mass replacement ratios. Use this product is intended to be used in concrete either as a component of composite cements such as blastfurnace cementhigh slag blastfurnace cement or as a direct addition to the concrete mix by the concrete producer. The cementitious properties of blast furnace slag were discovered in the late 19th century and it has been widely used in concrete manufacture for over 100 years. Request pdf ground granulated blast furnace slag ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blastfurnaces used to make iron. In addition to applications requiring graded aggregates, pit run blast furnace slag is extensively used for subbase. These operate at a temperature of about 1, 500 degrees centigrade and are fed with a carefully controlled mixture of ironore, coke and limestone. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. It is a latent hydraulic binder that is used in concrete and other construction applications as a partial cement replacement material. Being present in engineering projects locations, remediation becomes essential to prevent excessive postconstruction settlement and to avoid insufficient bearing capacity. Slagment is the registered trade name of our ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs. Samples of ground granulated blastfurnace slag are sent, periodically, to an independent laboratory for testing.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs was obtained from nippon denro ispat ltd. Pdf ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs based. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs should be stored in bins or silos. Ggbfs was activated by naoh, and it was found that the rate of reaction depends on the ph of the starting solution. Soft soil stabilisation using ground granulated blast. Soil stabilisation using ground granulated blast furnace slag. Strength, carbon footprint and cost considerations of. Safety data sheet ground granulated blast furnace slag. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing industry. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs ggbs is primarily a latent hydraulic binder used as a type 2 addition to cement which produces portland blastfurnace cement 635% of ggbs or blastfurnace cement 3690% ggbs which is produced primarily by blending at the concrete mixer but can also be used to produce factory blends generally at the cement factory. Durability of ternary blend concrete with silica fume and blast furnace slag.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a steel industry byproduct that partially replaces portland cement in concrete mixes. Pdf the influence of using ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs on various properties of pavement quality concrete pqc and. Ground granulated blast slag ggbfs ground granulated blast furnace slag s95 grade. Ggbs production line features as a new type of high performance concrete admixture, slag slag product applications powder has all kinds of performance advantages about improving concrete compressive resistance, tensile resistance, sheared resistance and bended resistance. Pdf effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs has been used for many years as a supplementary cementitious material in portland cement concrete, either as a mineral admixture or as a component of blended cement. Effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial. Activation of ground granulated blast furnace slag by. At present, with the same amount of slag powder instead of concrete and. Pdf the effects of ground granulated blastfurnace slag. As with portland cement and pozzolans, the rate of reaction increases with the particle fineness. Gopinath3 1,2,final year student, department of civil engineering, sathyabama university, chennai, india. Experimental behavior of reinforced concrete with partial replacement of cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag m. Soil stabilisation with ground granulated blastfurnace slag ecocem. The following materials are prequalified in accordance with dms4620, ground granulated blastfurnace slag. Blast furnace slag is formed in a continuous process by melting lime andor dolomite, the waste from carbon sources and nonmetallic components of. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is designated in astm c 989 and consists mainly of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium.
The composition of molten slag about 30% to 40% sio. Slag cement helps reduce permeability, sulfate attack, and alkalisilica reaction creating a longer lasting and more resilient concrete. Some of the main properties of fresh concrete by the incorporation of ggbfs is discussed in the. Continue flushing until advised to stop by a poisons information centre, a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes. View detailed export data, price, monthly trends, major exporting countries, major ports of granulated blast furnace slag. Typically, granulated slag is ground to an airpermeability blaine fineness exceeding that of portland cement to obtain increased hydraulic activity at early ages. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cost effective, sustainable, strong, durable. Pdf utilization of ground granulated blast furnace slag as. Ggbfs only provides increased sulfate resistance or resistance to asr if 35% by mass is added. Ground granulated blast furnace slag has been constantly in use as cementitious replacement for sustainable infrastructure. Molten slag, at a temperature of 2730 f, is rapidly chilled by quenching it in water to form a glassy sand like granulated material. Ggbfs is divided into three classifications based on its activity index.
Since the discovery of the latent hydraulic reactivity of ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs by emil langen at the end of the 19th century, this material has been used successfully as cement and concrete addition. There are many applications of concrete with blast furnace slag such as dartford bridge which is shown in figure2. Note 1the material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c 595 or as a separate. In australia, a commonly used blend is 85%ggbs15% hydrated lime 7, 8. Blastfurnaces are fed with controlled mixture of ironore, coke and limestone, and operated at a temperature of about 1,500c. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. Ggbs is obtained by quenching molten iron slagfrom a blast furnace in water or stream, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
Ggbs is used to make durable concrete structures in combina. The granulated slag can be stored in a vertical sand hopper with a clamshell lockhopper discharge device. The shrinkswell property obtains clayey soils as inappropriate material for direct utilisation in construction. Using one tonne of regen in concrete reduces the embodied co2 by around 900kg, compared to using one tonne of portland cement, and also increases its durability. The reactivity of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is considered to be an important parameter to assess the effectiveness of ggbfs in concrete composites. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs chemical. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy granular material that varies, depending on the chemical composition and method of production, from a coarse, popcornlike friable structure greater than 4.
Ggbfs ground granulated blast furnace slag cost effective, sustainable, strong, durable. Ggbs are added from 0% to 25% by dry weight of soil, first of all check the all soil property at 0 % no ggbs and then compare after addition of ggbs from 5% to 25%. Synonyms blast furnace slag granulated slag slag uses cement additive construction industry 1. The vertices represent pure blend formulations that contain 100% of a single. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Clayey soils are problematic due to the reactions of their minerals, which gives them an exhibition of shrinkswell properties. Sustainable studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement. Slag cement is a byproduct of the ironmaking process and is composed primarily of silica and calcium. Both reactive mgo and cao are alternative activators for ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs. Synergic effects of activation routes of ground granulated blast.
Chemically it is similar to, but less reactive than, portland cement pc. They can be moved with cement screws, bucket elevators, or airslides. Ground granulated blast furnace slag request pdf researchgate. Ground slag properties, characterisation and uses ccaa. It is hydraulic cement produced during the reduction of iron ore to steel in a blast furnace. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 1500 0 c to 1600 0 c as a resultant. But little is known about interaction of ggbs based concrete with marine.
This m aterial is then ground to less than 45 microns. Sisal agave sisalana field byproduct was selected from a. The department reserves the right to conduct random sampling of prequalified materials for. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs was employed as the main component of an alternative binder.
An admixture is needed to increase workability rather than increasing the water content. The company currently trades over 2 million tons of slag annually and continues to supply both established and developing markets. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as slag, is a glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast. We have the capacity to produce over 800 000 tons of slag per year at our slagment operation in vanderbijlpark.
Three grades 80, 100, and 120 are defined in c 989, with the higher grade contributing more to strength potential. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and the resulting molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 15000c to 16000c. Ground granulated blast furnace slag sometimes, also referred to as ggbfs obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, dried and ground into a fine powder 3. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Environmental issues resulted from cement production have become a major concern today. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbsslag lafarge in. Tests results show that the incorporating 20% the ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing industry. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at.
Standard specification for ground granulated blastfurnace. Investigation of hydraulic activity of ground granulated. Dartford bridge, united kingdom this article shed light on the properties of hardened concrete incorporating blast furnace slag. Properties of fresh concrete with ground granulated blast. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield. Aggregates are used for all types of base and subbase construction. Ground granulated blast furnace slag used as a cementitious material should conform to the standard specification, astm c 989.
Grade 80 has a low activity index and is used primarily in mass structures because it generates less heat than portland cement. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag as a cementitious. Granulated blast furnace slag 90% 65996692 gypsum caso 4 2h 2 0 25% 10101414 section 4. Processing of granulated blast furnace slag and its. Hydration of alkaliactivated ground granulated blast. Blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing, via thermochemical reduction, in a blast furnace. The ground granulated blast furnace slag used was slagg bremen, imported from holcim deutschland a. Slag cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, slag product form. Nov 01, 2014 ground granulated blast furnace slag sometimes, also referred to as ggbfs obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, dried and ground into a fine powder 3.
Utilization of ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial cement replacement in lightweight oil palm shell concrete article pdf available in materials and structures 488 may 2014 with. To develop a sustainable future it is encouraged to limit the use of this construction material that can affect the environment. In fine particle form, slag cement displays cementitious qualities similar to those of ordinary portland cement opc. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. When mixed with water it will hydrate in a similar way to portland cement. Since the granulated blast furnace slag is ground, it is not round. The e index of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh which is a strength enhancing compound which increases the strength, durability and appearance of. Introduction to ground granulated blastfurnace slag.
Soft soil stabilisation using ground granulated blast furnace slag. Most concrete made with slag cement will have less. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in combination with water and aggregates to form concrete. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace. Mar 25, 2011 ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blastfurnaces used to make iron. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is the slag from iron producing blastfurnaces that is rapidly quenched in water and then ground into a powder. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, manufactured from a byproduct of the ironmaking industry, is one of the most common, and most sustainable, substitutes. The use of ggbfs in portland cement is governed by aashto m302. When ironore, coke and limestone melt in the blast furnace, two products are producedmolten iron, and molten slag. Slag cement is finely ground, glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is a common byproduct used for decades in the cement. Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast. May 09, 2018 the importance of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs lies in its greener way to become a substitute in concrete material.
Gbt 18046chinese standardbs en 151671 bs 6699 uk standard. The use of iron blast furnace slag as a constituent of concrete, either as an aggregate or as a cementing material, or both, is well known. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct obtained from. Experimental behavior of reinforced concrete with partial. Slag was processed by 28 companies servicing active iron and steel facilities or reprocessing old slag piles at about 129 processing plants including some iron and steel plants with more than one slag processing facility in 33 states, including facilities that import and grind unground slag to sell as ground granulated blast furnace slag. Slag cement is a recovered material from the iron production process, thus reducing the environmental impact of concrete mixtures. So incorporating this waste material in concrete can reduce the depletion of conventional concrete components. Concrete qualities with four different ggbs contents expressed as percentage of the mass of portland cement, in. Blast furnace slag material description user guidelines. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs lafarge emirates ggbs is a premium quality, supplementary cementitious material that can be combined with cement to produce concrete having several advantages namely reduced heat evolution, enhanced durability, better workability, delayed setting, etc. In order to reduce carbon emissions, it is feasible to add 70% ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs in concrete mixtures 8. The influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs on the characteristics of fresh concrete will let us know more about the working of ggbfs in a broader way. Evaluation of grade 120 granulated ground blast furnace slag. One of the most sustainable construction materials available, slag decreases greenhouse gas emissions and the use of virgin materials. The molten slag has a composition of about 30% to 40% sio 2.
The most common process is quenching with water, but air or a combination of air and water may be used. This chapter includes all relevant information about this valuable materialfrom. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is activated by alkalis or caoh2 etc. Regen ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a cement substitute, manufactured from a byproduct of the ironmaking industry. Properties and uses of iron and steel slag mf 1826 national slag association. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is readily available throughout the uk. Ground agricultural gypsum and constructiongrade hydrated lime were used as activators in the proportions of 0. Wainwright pj, rey n 2000 the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs additions and time delay on the bleeding of concrete.
G the ggbs complies with all the specifications required by en 151761 2006, and was added separately in the mixer. Granulated shaped blast furnace slag is most suitable for increasing the strength of the soil and for this we check the following property of soil. Translation find a translation for ground granulated blast furnace slag in other languages. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh which is a strength enhancing compound which increases the strength, durability and appearance of the concrete. Shun shing group trades both granulated blast furnace slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Chemicals present in ggbs cao 3050% sio2 2838% al2o3 824% mgo 118% mno 0. For production of mfggbs, the granulated slag with value added material is.
Identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking product identification a fine offwhite to light grey powder which is used as an cementitious additive. Page 5 granulated blast furnace slag is produced by quickly quenching chilling molten slag to produce a glassy, granular product. Sikament 170, a concrete superplasticizer based on sulphonated naphthalene polymer, was used as a waterreducing admixture. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement suppliers approved to supply the indicated brand of ggbfs to department work in accordance with the current provisions of both ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112, and materials method 10.
The main product was identified as csh, and, in the pastes with high ph, hydrotalcite was. On its own, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs hardens very slowly and, for use in concrete, it needs to be activated by combining it with portland cement. Ggbs being a waste material, it needs proper method for disposal. The present paper is an effort to quantify the strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs at various replacement levels and evaluate its efficiencies in concrete. Substance ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs reach registration number.
Description this specification establishes requirements and test methods for slag cement and the slag cement quality monitoring program scqmp. It is a nonmetallic product, consisting of silicates and aluminosilicates of. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of the steel mill industry and. Slag slag is a grainy, grey and metallic byproduct of steel production that can be used to produce slag cement and composite cement. Sisal agave sisalana field byproduct was selected from a variety of brazilian fibrous. In order to predict the hydraulic activity of a blast furnace slag, various hydraulicity formulas have been proposed 2 as summarized in table 1. The effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag blending with fly ash and activator content on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete cured at ambient temperature. A typical combination is 50% ggbs with 50% portland cement, 4but percentages of ggbs anywhere between 20 and 80 % are commonly used. Pdf using ground granulated blastfurnace slag and mineral.